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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 89(2): 278-283, abr. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900099

ABSTRACT

Las migraciones constituyen un fenómeno creciente en América Latina, influido por factores económicos, laborales, búsqueda de bienestar social, educación y salud, entre otros. Chile presenta una tasa neta de migración positiva, y en el último tiempo ha destacado el gran número de inmigrantes haitianos que han llegado a nuestro país, especialmente luego del terremoto que le afectó el 2010. Provenientes de una cultura diferente, donde el estilo de crianza y las características de atención en salud, entre otros aspectos, difieren a la de nuestro país, conocer la cultura haitiana y su situación de salud es relevante para una mejor apreciación de sus necesidades y enfrentar de mejor forma la programación de la atención sanitaria de esta población que busca en Chile un lugar de acogida y mayor bienestar. Para profundizar los esfuerzos de integración en trabajo, salud, educación y en la comunidad parece aconsejable actualizar la legislación referente a migraciones, tal que permita abordar los problemas actuales a través de una ley migratoria que data de 1975.


Migration is a growing phenomenon in Latin America influenced by several factors such as economic stability, employment, social welfare, education and health system. Currently Chile has a positive migration flow rate. Particularly, a significant number of Haitian immigrants has been observed du ring the last years, especially after earthquake of 2010. These immigrants present a different cultural background expressed in relevant aspects of living including parenting and healthcare. Knowing the Haitian culture and its health situation is relevant for a better understanding of their health needs. Haitian people come to Chile looking for a cordial reception and willing to find a place with better perspectives of wellbeing in every sense. Immigration represents a major challenge for Chilean health system that must be embraced. Integration efforts in jobs, health, education system and community living should be enhanced to ensure a prosper settlement in our country. A new immigration law is crucial to solving major problems derived from current law created in 1975.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Community Health Services/methods , Community Health Services/organization & administration , Needs Assessment , Cultural Characteristics , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigration and Immigration/trends , Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Haiti
2.
Saúde Soc ; 23(1): 54-66, Jan-Mar/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-710439

ABSTRACT

Por meio de uma análise etnográfica das interfaces sociais entre agentes do Estado e estudantes cabo-verdianos em Portugal, observadas através da observação participante em consultas médicas, em trabalho social, no Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras e no serviço jurídico de apoio ao imigrante, este artigo pretende examinar as práticas disciplinares do Estado e as negociações e lutas de poder que ocorrem. Os casos etnográficos discutidos demonstram como a ideia de um Estado neutro e justo que trata todos os cidadãos em pé de igualdade é simultaneamente reproduzida e negada na prática, elucidando como o Estado constitui um símbolo de união de uma efetiva desunião. Os exemplos etnográficos também apontam para outras dimensões da prática do Estado, além dos micropoderes disciplinares, onde se cria espaço para flexibilidade e adaptação. E é nesse sentido que etnografias das interfaces entre Estado e cidadão servem para relativizar interpretações excessivamente sistemáticas da governamentalidade, ilustrando como os efeitos das práticas contraditórias do Estado são tão imprevisíveis como a ação humana...


Using an ethnographic analysis of the social interfaces between state agents and Cape Verdean students in Portugal, observed through participant observation in medical appointments, social work, immigration services and legal support to immigrants, this article aims to examine disciplinary state practices and the negotiations and power struggles that take place. The ethnographic cases discussed demonstrate how the idea of a fair and neutral state is simultaneously reproduced and denied in practice, thus elucidating the state as a symbol of union of an effective disunity. The ethnographic examples also indicate other dimensions of state practice, besides micro-disciplinary powers, which create room for flexibility and adaptation. And it is in this sense that ethnographies of interfaces between state and citizen offer a more relative perspective of excessively systematic interpretations of governmentality, illustrating how the effects of contradictory state practices are as unpredictable as human action itself...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Adjustment , Anthropology, Cultural , Social Conformity , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , State , Students , Social Control Policies
3.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 31(1): 74-80, ene. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-618471

ABSTRACT

While U.S. health care reform will most likely reduce the overall number of uninsured Mexican-Americans, it does not address challenges related to health care coverage for undocumented Mexican immigrants, who will remain uninsured under the measures of the reform; documented low-income Mexican immigrants who have not met the five-year waiting period required for Medicaid benefits; or the growing number of retired U.S. citizens living in Mexico, who lack easy access to Medicare-supported services. This article reviews two promising binational initiatives that could help address these challenges-Salud Migrante and Medicare in Mexico; discusses their prospective applications within the context of U.S. health care reform; and identifies potential challenges to their implementation (legal, political, and regulatory), as well as the possible benefits, including coverage of uninsured Mexican immigrants, and their integration into the U.S. health care system (through Salud Migrante), and access to lower-cost Medicare-supported health care for U.S. retirees in Mexico (Medicare in Mexico).


Aunque la reforma del sector sanitario de los Estados Unidos muy probablemente reducirá el número global de ciudadanos estadounidenses de origen mexicano sin cobertura de atención de la salud, esta reforma no afronta los problemas relacionados con esta cobertura para los inmigrantes mexicanos indocumentados, quienes seguirán sin tener seguro aun tras la aplicación de las medidas de la reforma; para los inmigrantes mexicanos documentados de bajos ingresos que no han cumplido el período de espera de cinco años requerido para recibir las prestaciones de Medicaid; o para el número cada vez mayor de ciudadanos estadounidenses jubilados que viven en México y no pueden acceder con facilidad a los servicios de Medicare. En este artículo se analizan dos iniciativas binacionales prometedoras que podrían ayudar a afrontar estos retos: Salud Migrante y Medicare en México. Se tratan además sus futuras aplicaciones dentro del contexto de la reforma del sector sanitario de los Estados Unidos y se señalan los posibles retos para su ejecución (legales, políticos y reglamentarios), al igual que las posibles prestaciones, como la cobertura de los inmigrantes mexicanos no asegurados y su integración en el sistema de atención de la salud de los Estados Unidos (mediante Salud Migrante), y el acceso a atención de la salud de bajo costo, con el apoyo de Medicare, para los jubilados estadounidenses residentes en México (Medicare en México).


Subject(s)
Humans , Emigrants and Immigrants , Emigration and Immigration , Insurance Coverage , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , International Cooperation , Medicare/organization & administration , Transients and Migrants , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Care Reform/economics , Health Care Reform/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Major Medical/legislation & jurisprudence , International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence , Medically Uninsured/legislation & jurisprudence , Medicare/legislation & jurisprudence , Mexican Americans , Mexico , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , Pilot Projects , Poverty/economics , Retirement/economics , Transients and Migrants/legislation & jurisprudence , United States , Global Health/economics , Global Health/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 30(1): 59-64, jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608289

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Describir las características y resultados de la evaluación de capacidades básicas para cumplir el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI) en puntos de entrada de Uruguay, mediante la aplicación simultánea de los instrumentos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el MERCOSUR, así como también las fortalezas y debilidades identificadas en ambos al ser aplicados en el terreno. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante la aplicación de los instrumentos OMS y MERCOSUR de evaluación de capacidades básicas para el RSI. Se seleccionaron dos puntos de entrada (PDE 1 y 2) escogidos como muestra de conveniencia por presentar el mayor volumen de tráfico de pasajeros y bienes del país. Ambos instrumentos fueron caracterizados individual y cualitativamente en términos de fortalezas y debilidades. RESULTADOS: El valor promedio de implementación de capacidades básicas fue de 69 por ciento (OMS) y 67,4 por ciento (MERCOSUR) para el PDE 1 y de 68 por ciento (OMS) y 63,9 por ciento (MERCOSUR) para el PDE 2; se registró una diferencia promedio entre instrumentos de 1,6 por ciento para el PDE 1 y 4,1 por ciento para el PDE 2. Ambos instrumentos examinaron factores no mensurables, sujetos al juicio del evaluador, sin utilizar definiciones operacionales de las variables relevadas. CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación simultánea de los instrumentos de la OMS y del MERCOSUR arrojó niveles de implementación semejantes en los dos puntos de entrada evaluados. Estos procesos de evaluación se verían enriquecidos por el intercambio de las fortalezas y la mejora de las debilidades observadas en ambos instrumentos y registradas en el presente trabajo.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and results of the assessment of core capacities for enforcement of the International Health Regulations (IHR) at points of entry in Uruguay through simultaneous application of the World Health Organization (WHO) and MERCOSUR instruments, and indicate the strengths and weaknesses identified in both instruments when applied in the field. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through the application of the WHO and MERCOSUR instruments to assess core capacities for the enforcement of the IHR. Two points of entry (POE 1 and 2) were selected as a convenience sample because they had the highest volume of passenger and goods traffic in the country. Both instruments were characterized individually and qualitatively in terms of strengths and weaknesses. RESULTS: The average values for the implementation of core capacities were 69 percent (WHO) and 67.4 percent (MERCOSUR) for POE 1 and 68 percent (WHO) and 63.9 percent (MERCO-SUR) for POE 2. The average differences recorded between the instruments were 1.6 percent for POE 1 and 4.1 percent for POE 2. Both instruments examined nonmeasurable factors that are subject to the evaluator's judgment, without using operational definitions of the relevant variables. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous application of the WHO and MERCOSUR instruments yielded similar levels of implementation at the two points of entry assessed. The assessment processes of the two instruments would be enhanced by capitalizing on each other's strengths and addressing the weaknesses observed and recorded in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence , Infection Control/organization & administration , Social Control, Formal , Global Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Airports , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Policy , Infection Control/legislation & jurisprudence , International Agencies , International Cooperation , Observer Variation , South America , Travel , Urban Health , Uruguay , World Health Organization
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